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Their name, as implied, simply refers to a classic doughnut or torus shape, and they exist purely to create a better, more leak-proof seal between two other components, with the aim usually being to prevent the unwanted escape of gases or liquids. In this sense, they're effectively a type of gasket - the main difference being that o-rings are more commonly used in very high-pressure environments, where a normal cork, paper or rubber gasket would likely be prone to failure.

In very basic terms, o-ring seals work by sitting in a groove or channel between two surfaces/components that are going to be mated or pushed together. The o-ring, generally made of some form of elastomer, sits in the join between these two parts, and becomes compressed in order to help form a tight seal. The more internal pressure is applied to this join, the more the o-ring is distorted inside its groove, which can improve its overall sealing force up to a point - but beyond a certain pressure, or under more dynamic workloads, this can cause failure of the seal. It's important to get the balance right between o-ring material, size and working environment in order to fulfil the role you need it to perform.

There are many different types of O rings such as FKM O Ring, Silicone O Ring, NBR O Ring, EPDM O Ring, etc.

Compared with O rings, sometimes gasket rings are more suitable. When deciding whether a gasket or O-ring is best for your application, consider the environment and function of the seal. When choosing the best seal, look for features such as shape, temperature, and pressure.

When a non-circular joint requires a good Sealing Ring, an O-ring would be difficult to use because of its round shape. Gaskets can be customized to almost any shape, allowing them to work as a seal for a larger variety of applications. The operating temperature of equipment will determine the best material to use for manufacturing the O-ring or gasket. While both can withstand a wide range of temperatures, gaskets are best for extreme temperature situations. However, O-rings perform better than gaskets in applications with extreme pressure.

Also, there are many types of gaskets types NBR Gasket Ring, FKM Gasket Ring and Other Type Gasket Ring.